영어 동명사

I am proud of being your friend. 

= I am proud that I am your friend.

 

I'm ashamed of committing such a crime.

= I'm ashamed that I committed such a crime. 

 

I'm sure of becoming a pilot someday.

= I'm sure that I will become a pilot someday.

 

완료 동명사 

A woman has to live her life, or live to repent not having lived it. 

 

He is proud of having been the student body president.

= He is proud that he was the student body president.

 

I'm ashamed of having committed such a crime.

= I'm ashamed that I committed such a crime.

I'm now ashamed that in the past I've comitted the crime.

 

Alice was sure of having seen the man before.

= Alice was sure that she had seen the man before. 

 

능동형

I avoid drinking coffee because I am hypersensitive to caffeine.

Tom admitted having stolen the money.

 

수동형

The best way to prevent malaria is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

He admitted having been bribed by the enemy.

 

동명사가 수동의 의미를 가지는 경우 

영국식

This tree needs watering.

This novel deserves reading.

This kitchen floor wants mopping.

 

미국식

This tree needs to be watered.

This novel deserves to be read.

This kitchen floor needs to be mopped.